The test used today to measure nicotine dependence carries the name of Swedish psychologist Karl-Olov Fagerström, who first published it in 1978 as a nicotine tolerance questionnaire.
The version used in clinics and research today – the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence – appeared in 1991, through a revision by several researchers that simplified and refined the original questions.
More than four decades later, the test remains one of the standard tools for assessing nicotine dependence, used both in research and in smoking-cessation programs.
Few medical questionnaires age this well without ever being fully replaced.
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